Bonjour à tous,
Deux chercheurs tchèques ont isolé de l'ADN et des protéines de près de 290 Ma, grâce aux fossiles splendides récoltés dans un site à préservation exceptionnelle du Permien inférieur de leur pays. Et cela, peu de temps après avoir découvert des protéines de tyrannosaure et un dinosaure momifié... vu le nombre de fossiles de Discosauricus livrés par les gisements tchèques et leur état de conservation, on peut raisonnablement supposer que l'on pourra obtenir prochainement des résultats supplémentaires - qui sait, peut-être un peu d'ADN utilisable !
Plus d'informations sur Discosauricus et les seymouriamorphes., proches des amniotes.DNA and protein isolation from the 290 million year-old amphibian Discosauriscus austriacus and applications of biotechnology in palaeontology
J. Pavelka and G. Georgalis
During the last years, DNA and protein isolation from fossils has created a previously undiscovered source of interest in the fields of molecular biology, genetics and palaeontology. Fossil DNA sequencing seems to be problematic, while protein isolation tends to provide more promising results. Here we report the DNA and protein preservation in the prehistoric animal Discosauriscus austriacus, from the Lower (Early) Permian Period of Czech Republic. Discosauriscus was a small sized (~30 cm) amphibian, a well adapted land-dweller with wide jaws and the general appearance of a crocodile. It belonged to the family Discosauriscidae in the order of Seymouriamorpha, within the clade Reptiliomorpha (Anthracosauria). Seymouriamorpha were primitive amphibians that lived in the Permian period (290-245 million years ago). Little is known about these creatures, like the fact that they were predators, as can be judged from the presence of sharp, conical teeth. Juveniles are considered to have adopted an aquatic lifestyle, whereas adults were terrestrial. Their phylogenetic position stays also unresolved, with many palaeontologists to believe that they lay somewhere near the stem clade of the reptiles.
In our experiments we used bone pieces from the animal. The fossil was exceptionally preserved, having big amounts of original bone (not stone copy). For control we used a much younger neolithic sample from a mammal (a wild pig – species Sus scrofa). The procedure contained mixing of RNA Blue with chloroform, followed by precipitation of DNAwith pure ethanol in RNA Blue reagents. Centrifugation, precipitation of the supernatant, drying and dissolution of the protein pellet, were the next steps. Gel electrophoresis and staining with ‘‘Coomassie’’ Blue R-250 were used to visualize the polypeptide bands appeared in the sample. For the DNA analysis we applied PCR reaction for amplifying short sequences (62 bp) from mitochondrial genome (primers were chosen according to conservative genome parts from modern amphibians and reptiles).
The bone analysis of Discosauriscus austriacus showed a small amount of DNA (few ng), most probably a crushed nucleotide. No short sequenced DNA was detected. In protein analysis we found two main bands between 110–160 kD, but it is possible to exist other proteins too. Taking into consideration recently published data, reporting protein sequences from the 600,000 year-old mastodon Mammut americanum and from the 68 million year-old dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex and on the base of molecular weight, we assume that the preserved protein is a kind of collagen, but further analysis is needed, in order to clarify its type and sequence.
The Discosauriscus protein presented here is claimed to be the oldest preserved protein that has been found until now. Comparing protein and DNA sequences, provides supporting evidence for the taxonomic status and relationships between recent and extinct animals. Thus, its phylogenetic significance points the beginning of a new era for the science of Palaeontology, combining techniques and knowledge obtained from iotechnology.
Pour les intéressés, je peux fournir les résumés de congrès en pdf par MP. Ci-dessous, la référence exacte du résumé:
Pavelka, J. and G. Georgalis (2007).
DNA and protein isolation from the 290 million year-old amphibian Discosauriscus austriacus and applications of biotechnology in palaeontology. Amino Acids 33:50-51.
-----